Comma Before Or After So That

Comma Before or After "So That"? A Comprehensive Guide

The correct punctuation when using "so that" often sparks confusion. This guide clarifies the rules, providing examples to help you master this grammatical nuance. Understanding this will significantly improve your writing clarity and avoid common punctuation errors.

When to Use a Comma Before "So That"

Generally, you should use a comma before "so that" when it introduces a subordinate clause that explains or clarifies the main clause. This subordinate clause acts as an adverbial clause, modifying the verb in the main clause. Think of it as adding extra information, a further explanation, or a consequence.

Here's the breakdown:

• Main Clause + Comma + So That + Subordinate Clause: This structure clearly separates the independent clause (the main idea) from the dependent clause (the explanation or consequence).

Examples:

• She studied diligently, so that she could ace the exam.
• He saved his money carefully, so that he could buy a new car.
• They packed extra food, so that they wouldn't get hungry on the hike.

In these examples, the clauses after "so that" explain why the actions in the main clauses were performed. The comma signals the separation of these distinct yet related ideas. Removing the comma would make the sentence grammatically incorrect and harder to read.

When NOT to Use a Comma Before "So That"

A comma is not needed when "so that" acts as a single unit, closely tied to the verb or the main clause without creating a distinct subordinate clause. This often occurs when "so that" is used to mean "in order to" or "to the extent that".

Examples:

• He worked hard so that he succeeded. (The 'so that' is more tightly bound to 'worked hard')
• She ran so that she caught the bus. (Similar meaning as above, a short clause, not requiring a comma)
• The house was painted so that it was bright. (In this case, 'so that' could be easily replaced with 'to make' and it functions as a single unit.)

In these cases, the "so that" phrase is less of a separate explanation and more of a direct consequence or purpose embedded within the main clause. Adding a comma would disrupt the natural flow and create unnecessary breaks.

Testing for the Comma:

A simple test is to try replacing "so that" with "in order to". If the resulting sentence sounds natural and grammatically correct with a comma, then the comma before "so that" is appropriate. If it sounds awkward or unnatural, then omitting the comma is likely the best choice.

Conclusion:

The decision of whether or not to use a comma before "so that" depends on the grammatical structure of the sentence and the intended meaning. By understanding the distinction between a distinct subordinate clause and an integrated phrase, you can confidently punctuate your sentences correctly. This precision is key in ensuring your writing is clear, grammatically sound, and easily understood. Pay attention to the relationship between the clauses; this will be your guide to correct comma usage.